What Are Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 Emissions? Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 are categories defined by the GHG Protocol, the world’s most widely used greenhouse gas accounting standard. These scopes classify emissions based on ownership,…
Understanding Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Emissions Greenhouse gases and carbon emissions are now central to climate policy, global trade, corporate strategy, and sustainability reporting. However, despite increasing exposure to these terms, many individuals and organizations still misunderstand their real meaning,…
Carbon Forestry Project Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is a critical financial and strategic tool to determine whether a carbon project is economically viable, legally compliant, and sustainable over the long term.In 2025, as carbon markets mature and regulatory scrutiny increases, developers…
Indonesia’s energy transition journey toward a low-carbon future is progressing, but not without challenges that demand careful navigation. At the Tempo Energy Day event in South Jakarta on December 10, 2025, Satya Widya Yudha, Member of the National Energy Council…
